전염병 소개

When babies are born, they acquire intestinal flora from their parent’s 미생물총. The composition of this microbiota is affected by the mode of delivery as well as by genetics, the environment, and the mode of feeding. The act of breastfeeding influences the infant’s intestinal flora because of the transmission of the skin organisms of the parent. 모유 also contains 구성요소 that allow for the growth of some beneficial microbes while offering protection from harmful ones. Breastmilk also directly influences the development of the infant’s immune system.

While human milk can be a source of normal microflora as well as harmful 병원체, there are very few infectious diseases for which breastfeeding needs to be stopped or interrupted.1 In developed countries, HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I, and HTLV-II are the only infectious diseases that are considered absolute contraindications to breastfeeding.2 3

According to the CDC, someone with these conditions should not breastfeed or feed their expressed milk:4

  • If diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (에이즈)5
  • If infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II6
  • If using an illicit street drug, such as PCP (phencyclidine) or cocaine7
  • If suspected or confirmed to have Ebola virus disease8

Temporary contraindications to breastfeeding and/or feeding expressed milk are certain medications, diagnostic imaging with radiopharmaceuticals, anyone with active 병변 from HSV, Hepatitis, 매독, Chickenpox, and Monkey Pox), and Brucellosis.9

When someone is diagnosed with an infectious disease, they have already exposed their infant to the pathogen. The interruption or the stopping of breastfeeding does not prevent exposure, and it may instead decrease the infant’s protection that comes through the protective factors found in breastmilk. 그러므로, common bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in which someone’s health is not compromised are not contraindications to breastfeeding.

하지만, while certain infectious diseases are not transmitted through breastmilk, pathogens can be transmitted via handling, by the donor or by the recipient. Someone could have minor lesions and not know that they are a sign of an infectious disease. Someone may be in an open relationship and not know the status of their partner. Regular testing for certain infectious diseases is recommended by milk banks, and it is important to fully 드러내다 any past or potential present exposure to infectious diseases. 또한 참조하십시오 집 저온살균 when the donor status is not (fully) known.

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  1. Noni E MacDonald. 2016. Maternal Infectious Disease and Breastfeeding for a quick overview of infectious diseases and corresponding breastfeeding management. ↩︎
  2. Robert M. 로렌스. 2020. Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding ↩︎
  3. 보다 인체 면역 결핍 바이러스 (에이즈) 자세한 내용은. ↩︎
  4. 북미 모유 은행 협회. 보관됨. HMBANA|우유 기부 excludes donors who have had a positive blood test result for HIV, HTLV, B형 또는 C형 간염, 또는 매독, 성적 파트너가 HIV에 걸릴 위험이 있는 사람, 불법 약물을 사용하는 사람, 담배를 피우거나 담배 제품을 사용하는 사람, 최근 장기 또는 조직 이식이나 수혈을 받은 적이 있는 사람 12 월, 하루에 정기적으로 2온스 이상의 알코올을 섭취하는 사람, 영국에 1년 이상 거주한 사람 3 몇 달 또는 유럽에서 5 이후 몇 년 1980 카메룬에서 태어났거나 여행한 적이 있는 사람, 중앙아프리카공화국, 차드, 콩고, 적도 기니, 가봉, 니제르, 또는 나이지리아. ↩︎
  5. 질병통제예방센터 - 인체 면역 결핍 바이러스 (에이즈) Note: recommendations about breastfeeding and HIV may be different in other countries. ↩︎
  6. AAP 2012. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk ↩︎
  7. Exception: Narcotic-dependent mothers who are enrolled in a supervised methadone program and have a negative screening for HIV infection and other illicit drugs can breastfeed. ↩︎
  8. 질병통제예방센터 - Ebola Virus Disease ↩︎
  9. 질병통제예방센터 - Contraindications to Breastfeeding or Feeding Expressed Breast Milk to Infants ↩︎