साइटोमेगालो वायरस (सीएमवी)

साइटोमेगालो वायरस (सीएमवी) is one of the Herpes viruses. It is usually harmless and 50-80% of adults are carriers by the time they are 40 years old. CMV can be transmitted in utero and while breastfeeding. Transmission through स्तन का दूध seems to be the reason for the rapid and common acquisition of cytomegalovirus that occurs among breastfed infants. It must be viewed as a form of natural immunization.1 2 Infections that occur from breastfeeding usually do not cause symptoms or disease in the infant and there are no recommendations against breastfeeding.3

When preterm babies acquire CMV postnatally via breastmilk, they are at greater risk than term infants of exhibiting symptoms of the disease. In the extremely low birth weight (birth weight <1500 g) preterm infant, there is a possibility that CMV acquired from human milk may be associated with a late-onset sepsis-like syndrome. हालाँकि, the value of routinely feeding human milk from seropositive mothers to preterm infants outweighs the risks of क्लीनिकल disease, especially because no long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been reported. Freezing of milk reduces but does not eliminate CMV. Heat treatment eliminates the viral load from the milk but also affects bioactive factors and nutrients. Fresh mother’s own milk is preferable for routinely feeding all preterm infants.4 5 6 7

While babies who contract CMV from their own CMV+ parent through breastfeeding do not get sick, babies of those who are CMV- and who receive milk from a CMV+ donor are not protected against the virus through existing एंटीबॉडी and could get sick, especially if they are premature or immuno-compromised. With proper screening, a recipient can avoid donor milk from a CMV+ person if they themselves are negative or they may decide to freeze or pasteurize the milk to avoid contamination if needed and the donor status is unknown.8

How can breastmilk be pasteurized at home?

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  1. तालाब, और अन्य. 1980. स्तन का दूध और साइटोमेगालोवायरस संक्रमण का खतरा ↩︎
  2. Catherine Peckhman. 1989. नवजात शिशु में साइटोमेगालोवायरस ↩︎
  3. CDC – साइटोमेगालोवायरस के बारे में (सीएमवी) ↩︎
  4. AAP. 2012. स्तनपान और मानव दूध का उपयोग ↩︎
  5. Medela. 2012. अनुसंधान अवलोकन: ब्रेस्टमिल्क के माध्यम से प्रीटरम शिशुओं को साइटोमेगालोवायरस का संचरण: साक्ष्य और मुद्दे ↩︎
  6. Freezing at -20ºC/4ºF for 3 days reduces the virus by 99%. Pasteurization at 63°C/145ºF for eight minutes resulted in no viable cytomegalovirus at all. फ्रिस एच, एंडरसन एच.के. 1982. -20ºC और पास्चुरीकरण पर भंडारण के दौरान कच्चे दूध में साइटोमेगालोवायरस की निष्क्रियता की दर ↩︎
  7. डॉ. जॉन मे, और अन्य. 2005. ला ट्रोब टेबल्स ↩︎
  8. Prenatal testing does not screen for this virus. ↩︎