Holder pasteurization and flash-pasteurizing both inactivate viruses such as HIV, एचटीएलवी, एचटीएलवी, एचबीवी, एचसीवी, सीएमवी, and bacteria. Each process has a different effect on the विरोधी संक्रामक properties and biologically active अवयव मानव दूध का.

Flash-heating has been shown to deactivate HIV and 4 bacteria while retaining most anti-infective properties, but further research is needed to assess the effect on other रोगज़नक़ों.

It is important to note that some bacteria form बीजाणुओं when exposed to heat. Bacillus cereus is such a spore-forming bacterium and has been known to cause about 2% of the total cases of food poisoning. It is widely found in nature (soil, crops, water). For more information please see जीवाणु.

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